Programming vs Scripting

Basically, all scripting languages are programming languages. The theoretical difference between the two is that scripting languages do not require the compilation step and are rather interpreted. For example, normally, a C program needs to be compiled before running whereas normally, a scripting language like JavaScript or PHP need not be compiled.

Syntax vs Semantics
Syntax is about the structure or the grammar of the language. Here are some C language syntax rules:
  • separate statements with a semi-colon
  • enclose the conditional expression of an IF statement inside parentheses
  • group multiple statements into a single statement by enclosing in curly braces
  • data types and variables must be declared before the first executable statement (this feature has been dropped in C99. C99 and latter allow mixed type declarations.)
On the other hand, the semantics is about meaning. A compiler or interpreter could complain about syntax errors. Your co-workers will complain about semantics.

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